Drills and Digging

AndyF

New member
pitlamp said:
From the pencils thread...
Why has nobody posted anything on the "digging" pages since early December? This used to be one of the most interesting parts of the site.

O.k. I'm going to kick a topic off..

A lot of us use drills in digging. (We don't need to discuss why on a public forum). We started with battery drills, but jeez they are heavy, and when flat it's the end of the dig.

In waterways we run a 110v geny on the surface, and cable to the drill face (about 300m) this gives endless power and no batteries to carry. Typically drilling is quicker, most 110v drills being 6-800 watts rather than 250-350 watts for a battery drill.

It's a great technique, but needs a cable laying, though I'd expect it to work (with some power drop) up to maybe 1km

Anyone like to guess the maximum useable length of cable?

It may also be useful as a rescue technique for putting bolts in, or getting heating or lighting to a casulty. Do CRO lay cables ever at an incident? maybe a generator and cable should be part of CRO kit..
 

Sewer Rat

New member
I have a formula for this calaclation in my regs book , I will look it up tonight.
All i can remember is that the volttage drop cannot be more than 4% of the original, I will assume that the 110 extension leads have 1.5mm conductors

It has to be said that 300m is a long way especially on 110 volts. I have never seen that much extension lead used on any building site.
But I will look it up later.
 

Johnny

New member
AndyF said:
In waterways we run a 110v geny on the surface, and cable to the drill face (about 300m) this gives endless power and no batteries to carry. Typically drilling is quicker, most 110v drills being 6-800 watts rather than 250-350 watts for a battery drill.

The Eldon employed this technique in Durham Edge Swallet last year and it was very effective.

Do you leave a man on surface to keep an eye on the genny?

The ones we begged and borrowed needed a bit of tweaking every now and again, as well as the odd top up.

There are digs that will still require battery drills and we have used Bosch 24v cordless drills for years, bog standard and good enough. The batteries need re-packing every now and again and this is not cheap.
I have used a batt pack built for Robby & Rob by Nick Williams and that was superb.

I now need to build a battery pack that can be transported through sumps. For the current project it needs to be waterproof up to 15m depth.
I am also unsure what I will need as a charger.

Any ideas anyone?
 

AndyF

New member
Johnny said:
I now need to build a battery pack that can be transported through sumps. For the current project it needs to be waterproof up to 15m depth.
I am also unsure what I will need as a charger.

Any ideas anyone?

I'd have thought that you'd have to transport it in a waterproof box, rather than loose. Something like a Pelicase or ammo box (weighted of course)

Could you run a 110 volt line to/through the sump, or is the site too remote?

Re; babysitting the generator, we don't normally do that. A fill will last 8 hours in our geny, and it's pretty reliable. In certain locations it would get stolen, but not at the places where we presently use one.
 

Johnny

New member
Pelicase and Ammo Box no good as they will not take the pressure.

I am thinking of using a piece of soil pipe with caps welded on each end, the caps have seals and they look 'man-enough'
 

SamT

Moderator
I think there is a thread on here about box's for carrying cameras through sumps - suprisingly Peli's are not up to much when it comes to any depth.

The GBH is a good drill - but we definatley need to sort out the battery situation.
 

Sewer Rat

New member
according to the relems of electrical safety we have gone off the scale here!

the Millivolts per amp per meter for 2.5mm flex is 15 M/V/A
the drill being used we shall assume is 800w or 3.47 amps
lenhht of cable run is 300
so 15 x 3.47 x 300
divided by 1000

this gives us a volt drop of about 15.6

the allowance is 4% of the voltage so you are allowed 4.4 volts drop
I think you have kinda exceeded your safety limits.

alternativly just keep on adding extension leads untill the drill wont work any more.
the worst thing that can happen is that you kill the transformer attached to the generator. :shock: :shock:
 

traff

Member
just a quick idea before i go back to the pub for more malt and hop flavoured soda

use a higher voltage - hence drop the current - reduces loss in the cable (think national grid)

haven't done the sums but maybe a 240v generator might make a bit of a difference over a long run

unfortunately this would then mean a 240v hilti or carry a 110v trans :(
 

AndyF

New member
traff said:
just a quick idea before i go back to the pub for more malt and hop flavoured soda

use a higher voltage - hence drop the current - reduces loss in the cable (think national grid)

haven't done the sums but maybe a 240v generator might make a bit of a difference over a long run

unfortunately this would then mean a 240v hilti or carry a 110v trans :(

Unfortunately the transformer idea is not viable. The auto transformer that you would need at the far end only has an efficency of about 75%. Thus, what you save on power loss in the cable you loose in the transformer...

You would have to go up to 440V to get an advantage - not great in a wet cave environment!

A zap from 110 volt makes you jump a bit, 240volts can be seriously dangerous.
 

SamT

Moderator
AndyF said:
A zap from 110 volt makes you jump a bit, 240volts can be seriously dangerous.

:LOL: - yup in durham edge - john was lay flat out in the steady trickle when his arm started juddering - so what did he do - passed the drill back to me - I stood there juddering whilst, instead of pulling the plug - Dave just stood there pissing himself.

I was lucky not to do myself in recently whilst running a 240v reel down into bagshawe for the steps job. Forgot I'd plugged it in at the other end :oops:. It least I got a zap on the fingers before bearing the wires with my teeth

[/shudder]
 

nickwilliams

Well-known member
Oh goody, my specialist subject was bound to come up on Mastermind sooner or later!

Anyone like to guess the maximum useable length of cable?

It may also be useful as a rescue technique for putting bolts in, or getting heating or lighting to a casulty. Do CRO lay cables ever at an incident? maybe a generator and cable should be part of CRO kit.

A trick I have used is to use four core 2.5mm cable and parallel the cores so you get effectively 5mm. You can run 800W on the end of 150m with no appreciable loss in performance if you do this. Most power drills are double insulated so the earth wire is redundant, and in any case even if the drill is earthed, I've yet to see someone connect an earth rod when using a small generator for digging.

CRO don't bother with cables, for lots of reasons. The cables are difficult to lay, there are much more efficient ways of getting heat and light to a casualty (think lots of volunteers with cap lamps, and the Little Dragon) and it's very unusual to need more bolt holes on a rescue than you can put in with a single clip-on Bosch battery. The only time they would need the sort of power we use for digging is if they got into an extended passage reorganisation exercise, in which case they'd call out the digging teams and their gear anyway.

All i can remember is that the volttage drop cannot be more than 4% of the original,

Not come across that rule before. Where does it come from?

Pelicase and Ammo Box no good as they will not take the pressure.

I am thinking of using a piece of soil pipe with caps welded on each end, the caps have seals and they look 'man-enough

Anything with square sides and/or flat ends will be crap at withstanding pressure unless seriously re-inforced. We had this conversation a week or two ago, Johnny! Test your tube before you put anything valuable in it. I speak as somone who had to explain to Bob Mackin why one of his Molephones wasn't working after a CDG/MRO rescue practice in Wookey :(

The GBH is a good drill - but we definatley need to sort out the battery situation.

Naah, the TE5A is the mutts nuts - nearly twice as powerful as a GBH24 and sensible battery voltage unlike the TE6A. Add an extra couple of cells to get the maximum oomph.

Unfortunately the transformer idea is not viable. The auto transformer that you would need at the far end only has an efficency of about 75%

Don't know where you are getting your transformers from, but I suggest you ask for a refund if that's the best efficiency they can offer :D. And you should never use an auto-transformer for a 110V site supply since an auto-transformer provides no isolation between primary and secondary, and isolation is the whole reason for using a transformer in the first place in these situations. But you're right about it being a bad idea - the last thing you need in places where you want to drill is to be lugging a bloody great lump like that about, never mind all the problems of keeping the water out of it. Mind you, I saw a neat electronic transformer the other day though which showed some promise - but I haven't been able to find one to buy to further my research yet.

A zap from 110 volt makes you jump a bit, 240volts can be seriously dangerous

If correctly wired, the maximum shock voltage from a 110V site transformer is actually only 55V because the centre of the 110V winding should be earthed (which is why they are properly known as "110V CTE" where the "CTE" stands for "Centre Tapped to Earth). So, "240V" is actually a lot more bite than it appears by first comparison. Nevertheless, it's all about where the current goes, and you'd actually be pretty unlucky to get a full 240V belt across the heart muscle (which is what's going to kill you) when using a small generator because the windings of the alternator probably won't be directly connected to earth.

yup in durham edge - john was lay flat out in the steady trickle when his arm started juddering - so what did he do - passed the drill back to me - I stood there juddering whilst, instead of pulling the plug - Dave just stood there pissing himself.

You need an RCD on the end of the cable (and arguably another one, with a higher trip current, at the generator end). I have seen and used one fitted into a small 'dongle' on a drill lead, which was made out of the guts of one of those 13A plug type breakers (Powerbreaker is the brand, IIRC). They need to be kept dry because they are electronic, unlike the ones which go in your mains distribution board, but it certainly worked - we 'tested' it on several occasions. I remember one occasion when drilling in Low Douk when the water was actually going in one side of the drill housing and out the other - fine so long as everything was kept the right way up, and the RCD saved any unpleasant tingling when the water flowed where it shouldn't.

Happy hunting!

Nick[/quote]
 

Pitlamp

Well-known member
Never trust sparks if (like me) you don't know what you're doing.

Always trust Nick Williams on the subject of sparks - the battery system he sorted out for my Bosch 15 years ago is still brilliant.

One option for getting a battery through a sump is a half inner tube from a lorry. Knot one end firmly (or otherwise permanently seal). The other is double folded and secured with snoopy loops (several). As long as the contents are not physically deformed by the pressure (in your case only 2.4 bars) you'll be reet. But as Nick says - test it first.
 

AndyF

New member
I take Nicks point about a maximum 55 volt shock, but we use (as he points out) a no-earth system with parallel wiring of the cable.

I've had a bit of a dance or two having to rewire a "live" cable end that has got crushed...

This is the new drill we've just bought:

http://www.hitachi-koki.com/powertools/products/hammer/dh24pc3/dh24pc3l.html&h=359&w=700&sz=26&tbnid=lhst55Z1GoA0CM:&tbnh=70&tbnw=138&hl=en&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3D24pc3%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2004-03,GGLD:en%26sa%3DN

It looks a bit poncy, but has ruberised grips, few air vents to fill with mud and a chisel mode (useful for calcite floors)..
You can get it for £90 on the web which is good for an 800 watt drill.

Changing the subject slightly, we've also bought a 110v submersible pump:

http://www.tooled-up.com/Product.asp?PID=16472

What a piece of kit! It empties sumps out at an amazing rate. We have a couple of pumping projects lined up for this this year. It's already allowed us to create one new round trip.. Anyone know any interesting sumps that need emptying..??
 

mudmonkey

New member
Am now trying to think of a viable way of getting 110V to the Rasp - last year's trip of 7 hrs pumping with our 30ltr/min pumps got all tantalising, but a tad tedious and the climb out afterwards was slightly hard work. But it's a bit of a long cable run......
 

AndyF

New member
mudmonkey said:
Am now trying to think of a viable way of getting 110V to the Rasp - last year's trip of 7 hrs pumping with our 30ltr/min pumps got all tantalising, but a tad tedious and the climb out afterwards was slightly hard work. But it's a bit of a long cable run......

How long would the cable run be? The problems of voltage drop are much less with a pump as they are typically only about 600 Watts.

Cable can be got for about £30 for 200m that would do the job.

What height would the pump have to raise the water - these pumps are less efficient with more height to pump. When they are going they create their own streamway, its impressive...
 

mudmonkey

New member
loooooong cable run - down Titan, along the passage at the bottom for a few hundred metres, then through the Rasp which is another 100-200m or so. On the plus side it's only a 2m lift (maybe three)

I'll have a look on a survey but I think we're talking a very big voltage drop or a very fat cable. 600W is around 6A current, which is pretty serious.
 

AndyF

New member
mudmonkey said:
loooooong cable run - down Titan, along the passage at the bottom for a few hundred metres, then through the Rasp which is another 100-200m or so. On the plus side it's only a 2m lift (maybe three)

I'll have a look on a survey but I think we're talking a very big voltage drop or a very fat cable. 600W is around 6A current, which is pretty serious.

We currently run our pump at the end of 300m of cable, with very good performance. The way these pumps work i think would be proportional to volts (they are centrifugal), so even if you lost 30% of voltage, you still have a good pump.

The lift is very small, so you might expect maybe 150 l/min in this scenario. Comparing that to your 30 l/min means a lot less waiting around...

If you had a generator that you can tweak the voltage up on you could compensate to some extent.
 

SamT

Moderator
For the record - I now own a Whale Gusher 30 - like nicks that was used in the rasp last year, and so does Mark.

With 3 * Whale gusher 30s and Henrys yellow pump - johnny wont need diving gear for Ink sump. :LOL:

Only kidding - but if there is a rasp project on this summer and the extra hose can be sourced, then a couple or 3 pumps should make things a lot quicker.
 

nickwilliams

Well-known member
AndyF said:
We currently run our pump at the end of 300m of cable, with very good performance. The way these pumps work i think would be proportional to volts (they are centrifugal), so even if you lost 30% of voltage, you still have a good pump.

I'm not familiar with the exact location, but my feeling is you'd be looking at closer to 1km of cable, which means that the expense of getting hold of it is not trivial never mind the voltage drop. The other problem is that the self-weight of the cable on the drop of 120 - 130m down Titan would be more than I think I'd be happy hanging on the cable itself - not a difficult problem to solve, but another complication to take into account.

Nick.
 

mudmonkey

New member
Hmmmm, 4 pumps and lots of hose, bye-bye sumps (1 small problem - where to put all those people down there while they're pumping.....)

Yeah, it is probably around 1km run, I really don't think the 110V is a goer :cry: - would be nice though - I posted more in a moment of fleeting fantasy as there's talk of restarting the Rasp project in the next few weeks - those pumps start to feel rather like an extended session on a rowing machine!
 
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