Ok inasfar as it goes but the article missed the opportunity to mention that the Fourth International Planetary Caves Conference, specifically focussing on caves on Mars and the Moon, was held in Lanzarote in May last year and the island hosted ESA/NASA engaging in robot trials (I have video taken ad hoc, taken independently); the Mars exploration programme is now very well developed and should commence in around three years time. FWIW the sampling sites in Cueva Las Brenas were only discovered in the last few years. The cave is more than double its "historic" length, largely down to collaboration exploration efforts headed up by Laurens Smets; his explorations on the Island have significantly increased the number of caves. Similarly his work in Naturalistas, and elsewhere, has extended caves quite remarkably. His work is published but not in the public domain as there are issues attendant with conservation.
"If space is an ocean," says ESA's Franco Ongaro, "then the Moon is our nearest island." It's an island that last saw human visitors in December, 1972, when the final Apollo mission came home from the Taurus-Littrow highlands. ESA's Aurora Programme might well see people back on lunar soil.
A joint research team from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and the Unmanned Exploration Laboratory (UEL) has developed a transformative wheel capable of navigating the moon's most extreme terrains, including steep lunar pits and lava tubes.
Their latest study presents a novel "origami-inspired" deployable airless wheel that can significantly expand its diameter to traverse obstacles that would trap traditional rovers. The research is published in Science Robotics.
Hidden lava tunnels on the Moon and Mars could one day shelter human explorers, offering natural protection from radiation and space debris. A European research team has unveiled a bold new mission concept that uses three different robots working together to explore these extreme underground...
www.sciencedaily.com
Hidden lava tunnels on the Moon and Mars could one day shelter human explorers, offering natural protection from radiation and space debris. A European research team has unveiled a bold new mission concept that uses three different robots working together to explore these extreme underground environments autonomously. Recently tested in the volcanic caves of Lanzarote, the system maps cave entrances, deploys sensors, lowers a scout rover, and creates detailed 3D maps of the interior.
"Our analyses revealed the existence of a large subsurface conduit in the region of Nyx Mons, the area named after the Greek goddess of the night. We interpret the structure as a possible lava tube (pyroduct), with an estimated diameter of approximately one kilometer, a roof thickness of at least 150 meters and an empty void deep of no less than 375 meters."