Hi Menacer,
All of Canon's Powershot G-Series offer "full" manual control. They are part of Canon's top of the range compact cameras (at time of release) and generally come with the same speed processors that are in the big SLR ranges. The optics are very high quality (for a compact) and the post-shot processing is generally second to none. The Powershot A-Series offer a "selection" of manual controls but are generally of cheaper build quality and lack some of the speed/power, hence being about 50% of the price. However they should definitely not be crossed off the list of potentials.
My experience is really only with the G7 and G9, and my generaly consensus is that if you want a camera that you can take anywhere and take as good photos as you want, then buy one of these! I have spent many a trip underground with Robbie Shone and his big Canon 5D and unless you do really want to push the boundaries of cave photography using ultra narrow depth of field or really wide angled shots, a G9 will definitely do! The contrast and colours of the shots are great, and the quality of the G9 is impressive even at full digital zoom!
Unfortunately there is no easy way of using the hotshoe through the case (radio transmitters still too big) so to external flash you will want a Firefly 2, or similar slave. On manual mode the flash only fires once so this is easy, and as Stu has said just mount an infrared filter inside the housing over the flash and you're away. The settings in manual mode give a very wide array of control, but unfortunately you are still stuck with 15s max exposure time. It is possible to download a software hack that allows you to do a lot more (1/100,000 - 999s exposure times) but so far there isn't one for the G9 and it really deserves it's own thread. See for details
http://chdk.wikia.com/wiki/CHDK
I definitely wouldn't dream of taking one underground without a waterproof housing, and luckily Canon supply most of their compact cameras with a dedicated housing meaning that you need to spend ?100 rather than +?300 for an Ikelite housing. Other camera manufactures are now starting to follow suit, here is a good site
http://www.camerasunderwater.co.uk/d_stills/index.html.
I recently upgraded my G7 for a G9 and it cost me about ?370 inc housing and import tax
http://cgi.ebay.co.uk/Canon-Waterproof-Package-WP-DC21-PowerShot-G9-AB07_W0QQitemZ310060352344. This Ebay company "DigitalRev" have been selling cameras for over 8 years now and i have never had a problem with their service. In fact, they tend to fill the delivery box with free gifts! However i agree with Stu that if you don't trust internation eBayers from HK then fair enough, pay the extra but still stick with Amazon or another internet based company.
Happy hunting...