Fluorescein dye

[Pitlamp]

In the hopes of complementing Stuart's helpful information above, here's a photo of -ve and +ve cotton wool detectors alongside each other, from an OBA water tracing test. I make them from poly bags with small holes cut in them (to allow water to circulate) and I like to secure the detectors to rocks using inner tube loops. I find these are as flood proof as most other arrangements. The reference numbers are on tabs of insulation tape.

These detectors are photographed under a mains UV lamp but it's possible to buy cheap portable UV torches on Amazon etc. I believe a useful wavelength for OBA detection is around 365 nanometres. An advantage of such a torch is it can be used directly in the field, perhaps removing the need for any detectors (depending on the nature of the test).

Hope this helps (somebody).

 

[Stuart France]

Your last photo in that sequence shows the cotton bud 'Fluorescein' glowing green under UV light. So while fluorescein doesn't fluoresce in the same way OB does, you're suggesting it's still detectable on cotton under UV light?

Not exactly. I dripped some very dilute fluorescein on to the green-looking cotton bud for the purpose of the photo showing the UV effect on it. It's beyond any doubt that OB adsorbs on to cotton, and once its stuck on to the surfaces of the cotton fibres it stays there, but I'm not sure that fluorescein does "stick" in the same way and will not get washed off the cotton by enough passage of running fresh water over it.

As to whether fluorescein shines bright under UV light, yes if does, very well indeed. It also depends on pH. In acid solution it is colourless. The bright green hue starts 'above' pH4 so that suits the alkaline water running off limestone areas. Chemistry people know that pH is a negative log scale for H+ concentration, so of course pH4 (say) is 'below' pH2 in terms of H+ or acidity, not 'above'. Other people, please ignore this.

 

[Stuart France]

As to making an el cheapo UV lamp for fieldwork, all you need is a UV LED and two AA batteries.

I bought a pack of 10 UV LEDs, can't remember where now, but this kind of thing:

10x 5mm UV/Purple Flat Top Ultra Bright LED (10 Pieces) | Bright Components

5mm UV/Purple Flat Top LEDs offering a pure and consistent colour with a wide angle ultra bright light output. Colour : UV/Purple Quantity : 10 Lenses

store.brightcomponents.co.uk

That's a 10 pack for about £3 including post.

Mine seem tolerant of being connected directly to 2xAA batteries without any current limiting resistor because the forward voltage of the LED is about the same a couple of new AA alkaline batteries so the current is self-limiting. If it dies on you, then add a small current limiting resistor, e.g. 100 ohms in series with the LED and it will be fine.

 

[TRAQUA]

If you are familiar with dye tracing, this might be of interest for your project.

Best regards,
Sofie

 

[alanw]

The Wikipedia article for fluorescein says The fluorescence of this molecule is very intense; peak excitation occurs at 495 nm and peak emission at 520 nm.

I'd already tried an LED UV flashlight, I thought I'd experiment with cyan to see if it's any more visible.

I bought a cheap 18650 flashlight from eBay, the LED was mounted on a 16mm circular plate, easily (just a couple of wires to de/re solder) replaced with a 465nm one.

Alexpress 495nm LED (16mm aluminium)
eBay LED flashlight
I've had the UV flashlight for years. It's a Tank007 TK-566 365nm.

Here are some photo's of a fluorescein solution under "white" (LED) light, U/V and 495nm LED

I first tried with my Samsung Galaxy A52 phone, it seemed unable to see the 495nm cyan/"ice blue" colour, so I tried again with my Sony DSC-RX100 camera, which worked a bit better. None of the colours as seen here quite match what I saw, though. The white square is a paper tissue, I don't think it's got any whitener in it, unlike a lot of writing paper/envelopes. There is definitely fluorescence at 495nm, but perhaps not as discernable as at UV.

 

[alanw]

Not caving related, but I found it interesting

Researchers address ocean paradox with 55 gallons of fluorescent dye

Researchers have directly measured cold, deep water upwelling via turbulent mixing along the slope of a submarine canyon in the Atlantic Ocean.

www.sciencedaily.com

Floating above the submarine canyon in a research vessel, the team lowered a 55-gallon drum of fluorescein to 10 meters (32.8 feet) above the seafloor and then remotely triggered the release of the dye.

Then the team tracked the dye for two and a half days until it dissipated using several instruments adapted in-house at Scripps for the demands of the experiment. The researchers were able to track the dye's movement at high resolution by slowly moving the ship up and down the canyon's slope. The key measurements came from devices called fluorometers that are capable of detecting the presence of tiny amounts of the fluorescent dye -- down to less than 1 part per billion -- but other instruments also measured changes in water temperature and turbulence.