If you are interested in fairer taxation systems, I have long advocated a Land Value Tax (LVT), or Georgism*. Rather than being taxed on productivity, citizens effectively pay society for the use of the land they occupy, at a rate determined by the market.
Ultimately, our nation state is defined in terms of its land area. We, as land users deprive other citizens of using "our" bit of the nation, by occupying it with our home or business and the state defends our right to do so.
Paying for what we take from the nation is surely a much fairer form of taxation than paying for what we give to the nation through our productivity.
This principle could easily be extended to taxation on the damage we do to our nation through the pollution and waste we create as consumers.
In either case, you are paying for what you take away from society, rather than what you give to society.
Obviously this will never take off as those with influence (the so called top 1%) are generally where they are due to historic land ownership, inflation of land values and rent seeking; you can hardly blame them, they've been successful in the current system and are quite happy to maintain the status quo, but it's hardly a fair system for the rest of us...
*
The term "Georgist philosophy" refers to the economic analysis and social philosophy advanced by the North American economist Henry George (1839-1897). The Georgist philosophy advocates equal rights for all and special privileges for none. It affirms a universal right for all to share in the gifts and opportunities provided by nature.
Central to this philosophy is the conviction that social problems must be traced to their root causes and remedied at that level, rather than by dealing with mere symptoms. The science of political economy, whose task is to explore such root causes, can and must be understood not just by experts but by everyday people, so that injustice and corruption cannot be foisted on an unwitting public. Economic analysis shows that land values, which are due to natural and social processes, should be the source of public revenue, and that taxes on labor, thrift and industry should be eliminated. Properly understood, economics is not a "dismal science" but a guide for achieving justice and sustainable prosperity.